Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments in active enamel carious lesions in high-caries-risk children. Clinical records of children treated in a dental school setting were retrospectively screened for active enamel carious lesions treated non-invasively (topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction, or dietary guidance) or micro-invasively (sealant). The control of active carious lesions was set as the main outcome established by the combination of inactivation and non-progression of the lesions based on Nyvad and ICDAS criteria, respectively. Individual and clinical factors associated with the outcome were analyzed by Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 105 high-caries-risk children with a mean age of 8.3 (± 2.4) years. From a total of 365 active enamel carious lesions, most lesions (84.1%) were active non-cavitated carious lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2) and only 15.9% presented localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS score 3). Of these, 72.6% were inactivated and 92.1% did not progress (mean time of 6.5 ± 4.1 months). The prevalence of controlled carious lesions was higher among children older than 6 years (PR:1.43; 95%CI:1.00–2.03; p = 0.04) and in those with better biofilm control (PR:0.99; 95%CI: 0.98–0.99; p = 0.03). Non-operative approaches are effective for controlling active enamel carious lesions. The majority of active enamel carious lesions became inactive and did not progress after treatment. Caries control was associated with older children and better biofilm control.

ABSTRACT Background: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomines. Historical information from the 20th century demonstrates T. cruzi records in the metropolitan region of Salvador (MRS), the third largest urban agglomeration in the Brazilian Northeast and the eighth largest in Brazil, an area with intense migratory activity from CD-endemic regions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CD indicators (prevalence and mortality) in the MRS. Methods: A mixed ecological and descriptive study was conducted using secondary data. We analyzed data from 2008 to 2015: deaths due to CD, self-reported cases of CD, and blood donors that were non-negative for T. cruzi infection. Results: São Francisco do Conde was one of the municipalities with the highest mortality rates due to CD. The seroprevalence rates varied by year and municipality; those with the highest values were 2008: Vera Cruz, 2009: Mata de São João, 2010: Dias D'Ávila, 2011 and 2015: São Francisco do Conde, 2012: São Sebastião do Passé, and 2013 and 2014: Pojuca. Spatial correlations between the municipalities were not detected. Conclusions: We conclude that CD is present in the MRS. The indicators analyzed in the MRS are below-state-level data. Given the importance of indicator analysis for the surveillance and control of CD at the state and national levels, it is important to strengthen the surveillance program at the municipal level, including the regions classified as low risk for T. cruzi vector transmission.

Abstract Mutations in SCN8A gene lead to changes in sodium channels in the brain, which are correlated with severe epileptic syndrome. Due to the rarity, there are few studies that support anesthesia in that population. The present study aims to report alternatives to inhalation anesthesia at epileptic encephalopathy. Case report: Male, 4 years old, with SCN8A encephalopathy with surgical indication of orchidopexy. Neuroaxis block was performed and dexmedetomidine was used as a pre-anesthetic and sedation. The anestheticsurgical act was uneventful. Conclusion: The association of neuraxial block and dexmedetomidine proved to be a viable alternative for surgery in patients with SCN8A encephalopathy.

The characterization studies of tailings from mining are crucial for the development of its reuse processes and the reduction of impacts caused by its conditioning on the earth’s surface. This study characterizes the magnetic tailings from phosphate-rock processing using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and quantitative electron microscopy techniques. Samples were obtained from the magnetic tailings deposit of a mining company in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais. The tailings are mainly composed of hematite/magnetite (74.92%), ilmenite (8.91%), fluorapatite (8.8%), anatase (3.07%), calcite (1.67%), goethite (1.62%), and quartz (1.02%). The particle size of the tailings is smaller than that specified for the production of sinter feed. The hematite/magnetite phase is strongly associated with ilmenite and fluorapatite. New stages of comminution and separation are needed due to the low degree of liberation of these minerals for a possible reuse of the components.

ABSTRACT Alternative management measures have been used to reduce nematode population levels in affected areas. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of nematicides based on fungus and bacterium, associated with poultry litter applied via ground in the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Heterodera glycines in soybean and corn crops in succession. The experiment was conducted in the 2018/19 growing season in the municipality of Ipameri– GO (-17°34’55.58”S−48°12’02.35”O) in naturally infested field, arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments and 4 replicates, being: T1- Witness/ control, T2- Poultry litter, T3- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum, T4- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, T5- P. chlamydosporia, T6- Abamectina, T7- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + Poultry litter, T8- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + Poultry litter, T9- P. chlamydosporia + Poultry litter, T10- Abamectina + Poultry litter. The poultry litter was added in the soil 10 days before planting. The plots were composed of 6 lines of 6 m, with a spacing of 0.5 m. In the soybean crop at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), the fresh weight of the roots (MFR), nematological variables and productivity were evaluated. In corn, only nematological variables were evaluated at 60 DAS. The treatments using P. lilacinum + T. harzianum and B. subtillis + B. licheniformes increased the MFR and reduced the number of P. brachyurus and H. glycines at the root. P. chlamydosporia associated with poultry litter increased in productivity in soybean plants.

RESUMO Medidas alternativas de manejo têm sido utilizadas buscando reduzir níveis populacionais de nematoides em áreas afetadas. Nesta ótica, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de nematicidas biológicos a base de fungos e bactérias, associados a cama de aviário aplicada via solo no manejo de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Heterodera glycines na cultura da soja e milho em sucessão. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2018/19 no município de Ipameri – GO (-17°34’55.58”S−48°12’02.35”O) em campo naturalmente infestado, disposto em delineamento de blocos casualizados, empregando 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo: T1- Testemunha, T2- Cama de frango, T3- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum, T4- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, T5- P. chlamydosporia, T6- Abamectina, T7- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + Cama de frango, T8- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + Cama de frango, T9- P. chlamydosporia + Cama de frango, T10- Abamectina + Cama de frango. A cama de frango foi adicionada ao solo 10 dias antes do plantio. As parcelas foram compostas por 6 linhas de 6 m, com espaçamento de 0,5 m. Na cultura da soja aos 45 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS) avaliou-se a massa fresca das raízes (MFR), variáveis nematológicas e produtividade. No milho avaliou-se apenas as variáveis nematológicas aos 60 DAS. Os tratamentos empregando P. lilacinum + T. harzianum e B. subtillis + B. licheniformes elevaram a MFR e reduziram o número de P. brachurus e H. glycines na raiz. P. chlamydosporia associada a cama de frango promoveram incremento de produtividade em plantas de soja.

RESUMEN La flota de los países en vías de desarrollo está compuesta por motocicletas y automóviles. Esta condición heterogénea en el tráfico presenta ventajas y desventajas, lo que resulta en puntos de vista conflictivos (por ejemplo, los motociclistas que disfrutan de su mayor movilidad mientras que los conductores de automóviles se resienten con su velocidad disminuida). En este artículo corroboramos la idea de que la evaluación del tráfico depende de la métrica escogida (por ejemplo, flujo de vehículos, consumo de combustible, costos mensuales) y del punto de vista (conductor, motociclista y responsables de formular políticas). Para ello, estudiamos una condición de tráfico mixto, considerando que el rendimiento del vehículo se ve afectado por tres escalas: motor, vehículo y tráfico. Modelamos el motor usando correlaciones empíricas de potencia y eficiencia energética, la del vehículo a través de un equilibrio de fuerzas propulsoras y resistivas, y la del tráfico mediante un modelo de autómata celular. Simulamos 189 condiciones de tráfico y evaluamos el flujo de vehículos, el consumo de energía promedio, la emisión total de CO2 de la vía y los costos mensuales. También discutimos los resultados desde el punto de vista del conductor, el motociclista y la sociedad. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la condición óptima depende tanto de la elección de la métrica como del punto de vista, además de que no es apropiado usar los resultados del tráfico homogéneo para analizar condiciones de tráfico heterogéneo, incluso si ambos escenarios presentan el mismo flujo total de vehículos.

ABSTRACT The fleet of developing countries consists of motorcycles and cars. This heterogeneous traffic condition has its advantages and disadvantages, which results in conflicting points of view (e.g., motorcyclists enjoying a higher mobility while car drivers resent their decreased speed). In this paper, we corroborated the notion that traffic evaluation depends on the chosen metric (e.g., vehicle flow, fuel consumption, monthly costs) and the point of view (driver, rider, and policy makers). To this effect, we studied a mixed traffic condition, considering that the vehicle performance is affected by three scales: engine, vehicle, and traffic. We modeled the engine using empirical correlations of power and energy efficiency, the vehicle based on a balance of propulsive and resistive forces, and traffic with a cellular automata model. We simulated 189 traffic conditions and evaluated vehicle flow, average energy consumption, total CO2 emission of the road, and monthly costs. We also discussed the results from the point of view of the driver, rider, and society. We concluded that the optimal condition depends both on the choice of metric and point of view, and that is not appropriate to use results from homogeneous traffic to analyze heterogeneous traffic conditions, even if both scenarios present the same total vehicle flow.

RESUMO Plantas de cobertura podem proporcionar supressão de plantas daninhas e juntamente com o controle químico compor o manejo adequado de plantas daninhas nas áreas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do cultivo de plantas de cobertura durante a entressafra sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas em área de plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos das seguintes coberturas vegetais: 1. pousio (testemunha), 2. milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) + crotalárias (Crotalaria spectabilis + C. juncea + C. ochroleuca), 3. milheto + feijão-guandu (Cajanus cajans), 4. milheto + Urochloa ruziziensis, 5. milheto + Urochloa ruziziensis + feijão-guandu e 6. milheto + trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 75 e 225 dias após a semeadura (DAS) das plantas de cobertura. As principais plantas daninhas na área foram Cenchrus echinathus, Euphorbia heterophylla e Digitaria insularis. A área de pousio apresentou a maior quantidade, número de espécies e produção de matéria seca de plantas daninhas com densidade de 184 plantas m-2, 9,0 espécies e 527,8 g m-2 de matéria seca aos 225 DAS. Em todos os tratamentos com plantas de cobertura constatou-se que reduziu a densidade e a massa seca das plantas daninhas em comparação com o pousio, com média de 30 plantas m-2, 5,8 espécies m-1 e 7,9 g m-2 aos 225 DAS, respectivamente. Constata-se que o uso de plantas de cobertura é importante estratégia para o controle de plantas daninhas nas áreas agrícolas.

ABSTRACT Cover crops can provide suppression of weeds and together with chemical control make the proper management of weeds in agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crop cultivation during the off-season on weed development in a no-tillage area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks scheme with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: fallow (control), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis + C. juncea + C. ochroleuca), millet + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajans), millet + Urochloa ruziziensis, millet + Urochloa ruziziensis + pigeon pea and millet + buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum. The evaluations were done at 30, 75 and 225 days after sowing of the cover crops (DAS). The main growth weed species in the area were Cenchrus echinathus, Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria insularis. Fallow treatment showed greater number of weed species with density of 184 plants m-2, 9.0 species and with 527.8 g m-2 of dry matter mass at 225 DAS. In all treatments verified reduction in the density and mass of weeds dry matter compared to the fallow, with average of 30 plants m-2, 5.8 species and 7.9 g m-2 at 225 DAS, respectively. The use of cover crops is an important strategy for weed control in agricultural areas.

Abstract Mutations in SCN8A gene lead to changes in sodium channels in the brain, which are correlated with severe epileptic syndrome. Due to the rarity, there are few studies that support anesthesia in that population. The present study aims to report alternatives to inhalation anesthesia at epileptic encephalopathy. Case report Male, 4 years old, with SCN8A encephalopathy with surgical indication of orchidopexy. Neuroaxis block was performed and dexmedetomidine was used as a pre-anesthetic and sedation. The anestheticsurgical act was uneventful. Conclusion The association of neuraxial block and dexmedetomidine proved to be a viable alternative for surgery in patients with SCN8A encephalopathy.

The search for alternatives that minimize the generation of tailings and enable their reuse, leads to characterization studies with the objective of a better understanding of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of iron ore tailings. The increase in demand for high-quality ore overlapping ore extraction with increasingly lower iron concentration levels, is part of the challenge of mineral exploitation. In view of the aforementioned needs, a more detailed characterization of the tailings contributes to the improvement of the mineral processing stage and the reuse of the generated tailings. To this end, an analysis of the characteristics of the tailings was carried out through physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization, with emphasis on quantitative electron microscopy - QEM. The tests revealed that the predominant phases are hematite and quartz and, to a lesser extent, goethite, gibbsite and kaolinite. As for the degree of release, hematite/magnetite has 88.13% of its particles totally free, 0.53% associated with quartz and 6.77% associated with goethite. The chemical composition is 32.29% Fe, 47.92% SiO2, 2.76% Al2O3, and 2.14% PPI. In this scenario, mineralogical characterization, as a main component of geometallurgy, makes it possible to propose alternatives that improve the ore beneficiation process and the reuse of tailings.

RESUMO Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) é uma árvore nativa das florestas tropicais secas do Nordeste do Brasil e pode ser explorada para fins madeireiros e reflorestamento. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade fisiológica de sementes e a diversidade genética de uma população cultivada de M. caesalpiniifolia, tendo como base de sustentação o potencial para produção comercial de sementes. Nove árvores matrizes foram usadas no estudo. A qualidade de suas sementes foi avaliada por testes de germinação e vigor, e sua diversidade genética foi acessada usando o Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). O grupo de árvores estudado apresenta uma diversidade genética moderada e produz sementes com alta qualidade fisiológica, mas com sutis diferenças de vigor, que podem ser detectadas por testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio. Esses resultados sugerem que essas árvores são potencialmente adequadas para a produção comercial de sementes.

ABSTRACT Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) is a native tree of the dry tropical forests of northeastern Brazil and can be exploited for logging and reforestation purposes. This study evaluated the physiological quality of seeds and the genetic diversity of a cultivated population of M. caesalpiniifolia, against the background of potential commercial seed production. Nine trees were used in the study. The quality of their seeds was evaluated by germination and vigour tests, and their genetic diversity was accessed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The studied tree group presents a moderate genetic diversity and produces seeds with high physiological quality, but with subtle vigour differences, which can be detected by electrical conductivity and potassium leaching tests. Our results suggest that these trees are potentially suitable for commercial seed production.

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, a agricultura tem enfrentado muitos desafios, desde uma crescente população global a ser alimentada, a evasão da força de trabalho no setor, até requisitos de sustentabilidade e restrições ambientais. Para satisfazer as partes interessadas cada vez mais exigentes, o setor agrícola tem procurado novas formas de lidar com essas questões. Nesse contexto, as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) têm sido aplicadas para ajudar o setor agrícola a superar esses desafios. Este artigo investiga como duas TICs - conectividade e computação em nuvem - podem alavancar e explorar outras TICs, como Internet das Coisas e inteligência artificial, permitindo que todo o setor produtivo seja apoiado por sistemas de tomada de decisão, que por sua vez são baseados em modelos orientados por dados. Além disso, é apresentado um estudo de caso de sucesso sobre como a computação em nuvem ajudou um dos maiores clientes da SiDi - uma empresa global - a melhorar seu desempenho operacional ao obter insights a partir de seus dados.

ABSTRACT In recent years, agriculture has faced many challenges, from a growing global population to be fed, the work power evasion in the sector, to sustainability requirements and environmental constraints. To satisfy the increasingly demanding stakeholders, the agricultural sector has looked for new ways to tackle these issues. In this context, Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) have been applied to help the agricultural sector overcome these challenges. This article investigates how two ICTs - connectivity and cloud computing - can leverage and traverse other ICTs, such as Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, enabling the entire productive sector to be supported by decision-making systems, which in turn are based on data-driven models. Moreover, a successful case study on how cloud computing has helped one of SiDi’s biggest customers - a global company - improve its operational performance by obtaining insights from its data is presented.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a frequência das solicitações de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) para homens com menos de 40 anos, bem como observar a possível influência da especialidade do médico solicitante. Material e método: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal, que utilizou o banco de dados de um laboratório clínico brasileiro de grande porte com as solicitações de PSA no período de 1º de outubro de 1997 a 31 de dezembro de 2016. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética de nossa instituição. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 2.514.375 solicitações de PSA, 158.399 (6,3%) em homens com menos de 40 anos. Esses percentuais não variaram significativamente quando observados no tempo (1998-2016). Entre as solicitações com identificação da especialidade do médico para pacientes com menos de 40 anos de idade, 18,2% foram de clínicos, 16,5% de cardiologistas, 8,4% de geriatras e 6,8% de urologistas. Conclusão: Há uma frequência muito elevada de solicitações de PSA em homens com baixa probabilidade de se beneficiarem com a realização do exame. Faz-se necessário investimento na divulgação das melhores práticas em relação ao rastreamento do câncer de próstata, especialmente entre os clínicos e cardiologistas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of PSA requests in men under age 40 years; and to observe the possible influence of medical specialty of the requesting physician. Material and method: This is an observational, cross-sectional study using the database of a national clinical laboratory on PSA requests from October 1, 1997 until December 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics were used. The work was approved by the Ethics Committee of our institution. Results: 2,514,375 PSA requests were evaluated, 158,399 (6.3%) in men younger than 40 years old. These percentages did not vary significantly when observed over time (1998-2016). The prevalence of requests for patients under 40 years of age, was 18.2% among general practitioners; 16.5% among cardiologists, 8.4% among geriatricians and 6.8% among urologists. Conclusion: There is a very high frequency of PSA requests in men with low probability of benefiting from the test. It is necessary to invest in the dissemination of best practices related to prostate cancer screening, especially among clinicians and cardiologists.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la cantidad de solicitudes del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) para hombres menores de 40 años, así como observar la posible influencia de la especialidad del médico solicitante. Material y método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal, que utilizó la base de datos de un gran laboratorio clínico brasileño con las solicitudes de PSA desde el 1 de octubre de 1997 hasta el 31 de Diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité ético de nuestra institución. Resultados: Se evaluaron 2.514.375 solicitudes de PSA, 158.399 (6.3%) en hombres menores de 40 años. Los porcentajes no variaron significantemente con el tiempo (1998-2016). La prevalência de solicitudes para pacientes menores de 40 años, fue de 18,2% entre los clínicos, 16,5% entre cardiólogos, 8,4% geriatras y 6,8% entre los urólogos. Conclusión: Hay una cantidad muy grande de solicitudes de PSA en hombres con baja probabilidad de sacar provecho de la realización del test. Es necesario invertir en la divulgación de mejores prácticas de tamizaje del cáncer de próstata, especialmente entre los clínicos y cardiólogos.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and mother´s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 163 preschool children aged 3-4 old in southern Brazil. The severity of dental caries and ECC was assessed by ICDAS criteria, while mothers completed the semi-structured questionnaire (KAP-ECC). Maternal behavior characteristics and answered questions about socioeconomic and demographic variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of exploratory variables with ECC. For this approach, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). Results: Dental examinations revealed that 91.4% of children presented ECC (ICDAS = 3, 4, 5 or 6). Among those children, 31.9% presented cavities (ICDAS ≥ 3). Family income was significantly associated with the presence of ECC (OR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.41-3.36). Regarding KAP-ECC, mothers have knowledge related to ECC etiology, reported dental hygiene attitudes and practices that can prevent ECC but reported less healthy attitudes and practices regarding child’s diet, specifically with respect to bottle and breastfeeding habits (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.81). Conclusion: ECC was more frequent in children from low-income families and whose mothers reported the belief that milk with chocolate does not contribute to caries and that disagreed that it is normal that a 2-year-old baby wakes up during the night to suckle. That is, good knowledge toward health habits may impact on lower occurrence of ECC; however, this condition also depends on the socioeconomic level.